Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Usage
(Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD)
Bart, G. (2017). "Ethnic differences in psychosocial factors in methadone maintenance: Hmong versus non-Hmong." Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1371656.
Bart, G. (2018) Ethnic differences in psychosocial factors in methadone maintenance: Hmong versus non-Hmong, Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 17:2, 108-122.
Burgess, D.J. et al. (2014). "Culture, acculturation and smoking use in Hmong, Khmer, Laotians, and Vietnamese communities in Minnesota." BMC Public Health, 14, Published Online.
Ramakrishnan, M. (2014). Substance Use and Discrimination Among Southeast Asian and Latino Immigrants. PhD Dissertation. Alliant International University.
Bart, G. et al. (2012). "Superior Methadone Treatment Outcome in Hmong compared with non-Hmong Patients.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.", Epub online prior to print.
Malison, R.T. et al. (2011). "Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of DSM-IV opioid dependence in a
Hmong isolate using the Thai version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism
(SSADDA)." Addictive Behaviors 36 (2011) 156–160.
Rooney, B.L., Choudhary, R. and A. Bliss. (2009). “Social Determinants of Smoking Among Hmong
Americans Residing in Wisconsin.” Wisconsin Medical Journal 108(9): 439-46.
Burgess, D., Fu, S.S., Joseph, A.M., Hatsukami, D.K., Solomon, J. and M.V. Ryn. (2008). “Understanding
Smoking and Cessation among Hmong Smokers.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 19:
442-451.
Fu, S. et. al. (2007). Views on smoking cessation methods in ethnic minority communities: A qualitative
investigation. Preventive Medicine, Mar2007, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p235-240, 6p
Geller, R. J., Alsop, J. A. (2005). ”Suicidal ingestions of metal polish cleaner in the Hmong community.” Clinical
Toxicology 43 (6): 744-745 2005
E.W. Wiewel (Et al). (2005). ``Injection Prevalence and Risks Among Male Ethnic Minority Drug Users in
Northern Thailand.” AIDS Care, 17(1)(January 2005): 102-110.
La Crosse County Health Department and La Crosse Area Hmong Mutual Assistance Association. (2004).
Hmong Tobacco Cessation and Prevention: Kev tivthaiv thiab/Kev txiav luamyeeb. Research Report. 19 Pages.
La Crosse, WI: La Crosse County Health Department and La Crosse Area Hmong Mutual Assistance
Association.
Irving, L.M., Wall, M., Neumark-Sztainer D., and M. Story. (2002). “Steroid Use Among Adolescents: Findings
From Project EAT.” Journal of Adolescent Health 30: 243-252.
Louisirirotchanakul, S. et. al. (2000). “No evidence of HTLV-I or HTLV-II infection among the Hmong people of
northern Thailand or injecting drug users in Bangkok.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 23
(5): 441-442.
Beyrer, C. et. al. (1997). “Widely varying HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among the ethnic minority
peoples of northern Thailand.” AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV. 9
(4): 427-439.
Westermeyer, Joseph & Chitasombat, Panupong. (1996). Ethnicity and the course of opiate addiction: Native-
born Americans vs Hmong in Minnesota. American Journal on Addictions, 5(3), 231-240.
Westermeyer, J. (1989). “An Epidemic of Opium Dependence Among Asian Refugees in Minnesota:
Characteristics and Causes.” British Journal of Addiction 84: 785-789.
Ekins, B.R., Rubio, E.L., Carson, R.S., Singh, P., Dowis, J., and D. Woods (1986). “Hmong Opiate Folk Remedy
Toxicity in Two Infants.” Veterinary and Human Toxicology 28 (October 1986): 481.
Westermeyer, J. (1985). “Hmong Drinking Practices in the United States: The Influence of Migration.” In The
American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives, ed. by L.A. Bennett and G. Ames, 373-
91. New York: Plenum Press.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (1984). “Nonfatal Arsenic Poisoning in Three Hmong Patients - -
Minnesota.”
Westermeyer, J. (1984). “Narcotic Addition in Two Asian Cultures: A Comparison and Analysis.” In Drug Use
and Abuse: A Guide to Research Findings. Vol. 1: Adults, ed. by G.A. Austin and M.L. Prendergast, 293-94.
Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio Information Services.
Grandstaff, Terry B. (1979). The Hmong, Opium and the Haw: Speculations on the Origin of their Association.
Journal of the Siam Society 67(2): 70-79.
Westermeyer, J. (1977). Narcotic Addiction in two Asian Cultures: A Comparison and Analysis. Drug and
Alcohol Dependence 2(4): 273-285.
Westermeyer, J. (1974). Opium Smoking in Laos: A Survey of 40 Addicts. American Journal of Pschiatry 131:
165-170.
Westermeyer, J. (1971). The Use of Alcohol and Opium among by the Meo of Laos. American Journal of
Psychiatry 127: 59-63.
Geddes, William R. (1970). Opium and the Miao: A Study in Ecological Adjustment. Oceania 41(1):1-11.
Westermeyer, J. (1968). The Use of Alcohol and Opium Among Two Ethnic Groups in Laos. Unpublished
Master’s Thesis, University of Minnesota.
(Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD)
Bart, G. (2017). "Ethnic differences in psychosocial factors in methadone maintenance: Hmong versus non-Hmong." Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1371656.
Bart, G. (2018) Ethnic differences in psychosocial factors in methadone maintenance: Hmong versus non-Hmong, Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 17:2, 108-122.
Burgess, D.J. et al. (2014). "Culture, acculturation and smoking use in Hmong, Khmer, Laotians, and Vietnamese communities in Minnesota." BMC Public Health, 14, Published Online.
Ramakrishnan, M. (2014). Substance Use and Discrimination Among Southeast Asian and Latino Immigrants. PhD Dissertation. Alliant International University.
Bart, G. et al. (2012). "Superior Methadone Treatment Outcome in Hmong compared with non-Hmong Patients.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.", Epub online prior to print.
Malison, R.T. et al. (2011). "Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of DSM-IV opioid dependence in a
Hmong isolate using the Thai version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism
(SSADDA)." Addictive Behaviors 36 (2011) 156–160.
Rooney, B.L., Choudhary, R. and A. Bliss. (2009). “Social Determinants of Smoking Among Hmong
Americans Residing in Wisconsin.” Wisconsin Medical Journal 108(9): 439-46.
Burgess, D., Fu, S.S., Joseph, A.M., Hatsukami, D.K., Solomon, J. and M.V. Ryn. (2008). “Understanding
Smoking and Cessation among Hmong Smokers.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 19:
442-451.
Fu, S. et. al. (2007). Views on smoking cessation methods in ethnic minority communities: A qualitative
investigation. Preventive Medicine, Mar2007, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p235-240, 6p
Geller, R. J., Alsop, J. A. (2005). ”Suicidal ingestions of metal polish cleaner in the Hmong community.” Clinical
Toxicology 43 (6): 744-745 2005
E.W. Wiewel (Et al). (2005). ``Injection Prevalence and Risks Among Male Ethnic Minority Drug Users in
Northern Thailand.” AIDS Care, 17(1)(January 2005): 102-110.
La Crosse County Health Department and La Crosse Area Hmong Mutual Assistance Association. (2004).
Hmong Tobacco Cessation and Prevention: Kev tivthaiv thiab/Kev txiav luamyeeb. Research Report. 19 Pages.
La Crosse, WI: La Crosse County Health Department and La Crosse Area Hmong Mutual Assistance
Association.
Irving, L.M., Wall, M., Neumark-Sztainer D., and M. Story. (2002). “Steroid Use Among Adolescents: Findings
From Project EAT.” Journal of Adolescent Health 30: 243-252.
Louisirirotchanakul, S. et. al. (2000). “No evidence of HTLV-I or HTLV-II infection among the Hmong people of
northern Thailand or injecting drug users in Bangkok.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 23
(5): 441-442.
Beyrer, C. et. al. (1997). “Widely varying HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among the ethnic minority
peoples of northern Thailand.” AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV. 9
(4): 427-439.
Westermeyer, Joseph & Chitasombat, Panupong. (1996). Ethnicity and the course of opiate addiction: Native-
born Americans vs Hmong in Minnesota. American Journal on Addictions, 5(3), 231-240.
Westermeyer, J. (1989). “An Epidemic of Opium Dependence Among Asian Refugees in Minnesota:
Characteristics and Causes.” British Journal of Addiction 84: 785-789.
Ekins, B.R., Rubio, E.L., Carson, R.S., Singh, P., Dowis, J., and D. Woods (1986). “Hmong Opiate Folk Remedy
Toxicity in Two Infants.” Veterinary and Human Toxicology 28 (October 1986): 481.
Westermeyer, J. (1985). “Hmong Drinking Practices in the United States: The Influence of Migration.” In The
American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives, ed. by L.A. Bennett and G. Ames, 373-
91. New York: Plenum Press.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (1984). “Nonfatal Arsenic Poisoning in Three Hmong Patients - -
Minnesota.”
Westermeyer, J. (1984). “Narcotic Addition in Two Asian Cultures: A Comparison and Analysis.” In Drug Use
and Abuse: A Guide to Research Findings. Vol. 1: Adults, ed. by G.A. Austin and M.L. Prendergast, 293-94.
Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio Information Services.
Grandstaff, Terry B. (1979). The Hmong, Opium and the Haw: Speculations on the Origin of their Association.
Journal of the Siam Society 67(2): 70-79.
Westermeyer, J. (1977). Narcotic Addiction in two Asian Cultures: A Comparison and Analysis. Drug and
Alcohol Dependence 2(4): 273-285.
Westermeyer, J. (1974). Opium Smoking in Laos: A Survey of 40 Addicts. American Journal of Pschiatry 131:
165-170.
Westermeyer, J. (1971). The Use of Alcohol and Opium among by the Meo of Laos. American Journal of
Psychiatry 127: 59-63.
Geddes, William R. (1970). Opium and the Miao: A Study in Ecological Adjustment. Oceania 41(1):1-11.
Westermeyer, J. (1968). The Use of Alcohol and Opium Among Two Ethnic Groups in Laos. Unpublished
Master’s Thesis, University of Minnesota.
