Hmong Diet and Food Practices
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD
Chen Q., Goto K, Wolff C, Bianco-Simeral S, Zhao Y. (2015). Correlations between children’s exposure to ethnic produce and their healthy dietary behaviors. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(2):383-388.
Srithi, K. et al. (2012). "Medicinal plants used in Hmong women's healthcare in northern Thailand." Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 139 (2012) 119-135.
Feliciano, S.M. (2011). Understanding Infant Feeding Choices Among Hmong American Women in Saint Paul,
MN. PhD Dissertation, Temple University.
Vue, W. et al. (2011). "Hmong Food Helps Us Remember Who We Are: Perspectives of Food Culture and Health
among Hmong Women with Young Children." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 43(3): 199-204.
Franzen, L. and C. Smith. (2010). "Food System Access, Shopping Behavior, and Influences on Purchasing
Groceries in Adult Hmong Living in Minnesota." American Journal of Health Promotion 24(6): 396-410.
Goto, K., Vue, W.M., Xiong, T. and C. Wolff. (2010). “Divergent Perspectives on Food, Culture,
and Health among Hmong Mothers with Middle School Children.” Food, Culture, and Society 13(2): 181-
200.
Schantz, S.L., Gardiner, J.C., Aguiar, A., Tang, X., Gasior, D.M., Sweeney, A.M., Peck, J.D., Gillard, D. and
Kostyniak, P.J. (2010). “Contaminant Profiles in Southeast Asian Immigrants Consuming Fish from Polluted Waters in Northeastern Wisconsin.” Environmental Research 110: 33-39.
Franzen, L. and C. Smith. (2009). "Differences in Stature, BMI, and Dietary Practices Between U.S. Born and Newly
Immigrated Hmong Children." Social Science and Medicine 69(3): 442-450.
Franzen L. and C. Smith. (2008). "Acculturation and environmental change impacts dietary habits among adult
Hmong." Appetite 20 Sept. 2008, 11 pages.
Lor, K. and K. Lovaj. (2008). “Considering Hmong Herbal Medication: Serving the Health Needs of Wisconsin’s
Hmong Population.” The Journal of the Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin. July/August 2008: 35-38.
Yang, R. and P.K. Mills. (2008). "Dietary and Lifestyle Practices of Hmong in California." Journal of Health Care for
the Poor and Underserved 19 (2008): 1258–1269.
Kim LP, Harrison GG, Kagawa-Singer M. (2007). “Perceptions of diet and physical activity among California Hmong
adults and youths.” Prev Chronic Dis 2007;4(4).
Stang, J., Kong, A., Story, M., Eisenberg, M.E. and D. Neumark-Sztainer. (2007). “Food and Weight-Related
Patterns and Behaviors of Hmong Adolescents.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107(6): 936-941.
Vue, H. and M. Reicks. (2007). “Individual and Environmental Influences on Intake of Calcium-rich Food and
Beverages by Young Hmong Adolescent Girls.” Journal of Nutrition Education Behavior 39(5): 264-272.
Pérez, M.A, Moua, L.J., and H. Pinzon-Perez. (2006). "Food Preparation, Practices, and Safety In The Hmong
Community." Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 7, 2006.
Corlett, Jan L., Dean, Ellen A., and Louis E. Grivetti. (2003). “Hmong Gardens: Botanical Diversity in an Urban
Setting.” Economic Botany 57(3):365-379.
Giang, Ho Ly (2000). “The Food Culture of the Hmong.” Vietnam Social Sciences 6(80): 96-110.
Ikeda, Joanne P. (1999). Hmong American food practices, customs, and holidays. 2nd ed. Chicago: American
Diabetes Association.
Cooper, Robert (Editor) (1998). The Hmong: A guide to traditional lifestyles . Singapore: Times Editions.
Pieper, Jean Ann. (1996). Infant feeding practices of the Hmong participating in the WIC program in Stevens Point .
M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.
Moua, Wangchue Dang. (1995). Analysis of selected factors related to dietary intake patterns of Southeast Asian
Hmong refugees in West Central Wisconsin . M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Stout.
Hutchinson, R. and C. Kraft. (1994). “Hmong Fishing Activity and Fish Consumption.” Journal of Great Lakes
Research 20:2:471-478.
Anderson, E.F. (1993). Plants and People of the Golden Triangle: Ethnobotany of the Hill Tribes of Northern
Thailand. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press.
Friesen, P.M. (1993). Hmong Infant Feeding Practices: A Mini Ethnonursing Study. Master’s Thesis, College of St.
Catherines, St. Paul, MN.
Tuttle, Cynthia Reeves (1993). Infant Feeding Among Southeast Asian Immigrants In Northern California (Hmong,
Vietnamese), PhD dissertation. University of California, Davis.
Ikeda, J.P. (1992). Hmong American Food Practices, Customs, and Holidays, Ethnic and Regional Food Practices: A Series. Chicago, Alexandria: American Diatectic Association: American Diabetes Association.
Ikeda, J.P. et al.(1991). “Food Habits of the Hmong Living in Central California.” Journal of Nutrition Education 23
(July-August 1991): 168-175.
Dickrell, K. and Others. (1990). "Saving Food Dollars: Development and Evaluation of Interactive Videotape for
Hmong (Indochinese) Audiences." Madison: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Department of Family Development.
Elkins, J.L. (1990). The Factors Associated With the Initial Infant Feeding Choice Among Hmong Mothers in
Northern California. Master’s Thesis, California State University, Chico, 1990.
Link, N.L. (1990). A Hmong Picture Diet Assessment Tool. Master’s Thesis. California State University, Chico.
Leonelli, L.M. (1987). We Eat What We Are: Food Use Patterns of Hmong and Mien in Sacramento, California.
Master’s Thesis, California State University.
Willcox, D. (1986). Hmong Folklife. Hmong Natural Association of North Carolina.
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD
Chen Q., Goto K, Wolff C, Bianco-Simeral S, Zhao Y. (2015). Correlations between children’s exposure to ethnic produce and their healthy dietary behaviors. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(2):383-388.
Srithi, K. et al. (2012). "Medicinal plants used in Hmong women's healthcare in northern Thailand." Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 139 (2012) 119-135.
Feliciano, S.M. (2011). Understanding Infant Feeding Choices Among Hmong American Women in Saint Paul,
MN. PhD Dissertation, Temple University.
Vue, W. et al. (2011). "Hmong Food Helps Us Remember Who We Are: Perspectives of Food Culture and Health
among Hmong Women with Young Children." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 43(3): 199-204.
Franzen, L. and C. Smith. (2010). "Food System Access, Shopping Behavior, and Influences on Purchasing
Groceries in Adult Hmong Living in Minnesota." American Journal of Health Promotion 24(6): 396-410.
Goto, K., Vue, W.M., Xiong, T. and C. Wolff. (2010). “Divergent Perspectives on Food, Culture,
and Health among Hmong Mothers with Middle School Children.” Food, Culture, and Society 13(2): 181-
200.
Schantz, S.L., Gardiner, J.C., Aguiar, A., Tang, X., Gasior, D.M., Sweeney, A.M., Peck, J.D., Gillard, D. and
Kostyniak, P.J. (2010). “Contaminant Profiles in Southeast Asian Immigrants Consuming Fish from Polluted Waters in Northeastern Wisconsin.” Environmental Research 110: 33-39.
Franzen, L. and C. Smith. (2009). "Differences in Stature, BMI, and Dietary Practices Between U.S. Born and Newly
Immigrated Hmong Children." Social Science and Medicine 69(3): 442-450.
Franzen L. and C. Smith. (2008). "Acculturation and environmental change impacts dietary habits among adult
Hmong." Appetite 20 Sept. 2008, 11 pages.
Lor, K. and K. Lovaj. (2008). “Considering Hmong Herbal Medication: Serving the Health Needs of Wisconsin’s
Hmong Population.” The Journal of the Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin. July/August 2008: 35-38.
Yang, R. and P.K. Mills. (2008). "Dietary and Lifestyle Practices of Hmong in California." Journal of Health Care for
the Poor and Underserved 19 (2008): 1258–1269.
Kim LP, Harrison GG, Kagawa-Singer M. (2007). “Perceptions of diet and physical activity among California Hmong
adults and youths.” Prev Chronic Dis 2007;4(4).
Stang, J., Kong, A., Story, M., Eisenberg, M.E. and D. Neumark-Sztainer. (2007). “Food and Weight-Related
Patterns and Behaviors of Hmong Adolescents.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107(6): 936-941.
Vue, H. and M. Reicks. (2007). “Individual and Environmental Influences on Intake of Calcium-rich Food and
Beverages by Young Hmong Adolescent Girls.” Journal of Nutrition Education Behavior 39(5): 264-272.
Pérez, M.A, Moua, L.J., and H. Pinzon-Perez. (2006). "Food Preparation, Practices, and Safety In The Hmong
Community." Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 7, 2006.
Corlett, Jan L., Dean, Ellen A., and Louis E. Grivetti. (2003). “Hmong Gardens: Botanical Diversity in an Urban
Setting.” Economic Botany 57(3):365-379.
Giang, Ho Ly (2000). “The Food Culture of the Hmong.” Vietnam Social Sciences 6(80): 96-110.
Ikeda, Joanne P. (1999). Hmong American food practices, customs, and holidays. 2nd ed. Chicago: American
Diabetes Association.
Cooper, Robert (Editor) (1998). The Hmong: A guide to traditional lifestyles . Singapore: Times Editions.
Pieper, Jean Ann. (1996). Infant feeding practices of the Hmong participating in the WIC program in Stevens Point .
M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.
Moua, Wangchue Dang. (1995). Analysis of selected factors related to dietary intake patterns of Southeast Asian
Hmong refugees in West Central Wisconsin . M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Stout.
Hutchinson, R. and C. Kraft. (1994). “Hmong Fishing Activity and Fish Consumption.” Journal of Great Lakes
Research 20:2:471-478.
Anderson, E.F. (1993). Plants and People of the Golden Triangle: Ethnobotany of the Hill Tribes of Northern
Thailand. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press.
Friesen, P.M. (1993). Hmong Infant Feeding Practices: A Mini Ethnonursing Study. Master’s Thesis, College of St.
Catherines, St. Paul, MN.
Tuttle, Cynthia Reeves (1993). Infant Feeding Among Southeast Asian Immigrants In Northern California (Hmong,
Vietnamese), PhD dissertation. University of California, Davis.
Ikeda, J.P. (1992). Hmong American Food Practices, Customs, and Holidays, Ethnic and Regional Food Practices: A Series. Chicago, Alexandria: American Diatectic Association: American Diabetes Association.
Ikeda, J.P. et al.(1991). “Food Habits of the Hmong Living in Central California.” Journal of Nutrition Education 23
(July-August 1991): 168-175.
Dickrell, K. and Others. (1990). "Saving Food Dollars: Development and Evaluation of Interactive Videotape for
Hmong (Indochinese) Audiences." Madison: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Department of Family Development.
Elkins, J.L. (1990). The Factors Associated With the Initial Infant Feeding Choice Among Hmong Mothers in
Northern California. Master’s Thesis, California State University, Chico, 1990.
Link, N.L. (1990). A Hmong Picture Diet Assessment Tool. Master’s Thesis. California State University, Chico.
Leonelli, L.M. (1987). We Eat What We Are: Food Use Patterns of Hmong and Mien in Sacramento, California.
Master’s Thesis, California State University.
Willcox, D. (1986). Hmong Folklife. Hmong Natural Association of North Carolina.
