Race Relations and the Hmong
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer PhD
Pha, K. and K. Smalkoski. (2023). “De-Exceptionalizing Sunisa Lee: Uneven Gymnastics and a Hmong American State-less Critique.” American Quarterly, 75(3): 609-631.
Pha, K. (2023). “Colorblindness as Anti-Asian Racism.” American Studies 62(3): 120-142.
Shi, T. (2022). “Local Fashion, Global Imagination: Agency, Identity, and Aspiration in the Diasporic Hmong Community.” Journal of Material Culture 1-24.
Shi, T. (2022). "Visualized Trauma, Sensitized Resistance: Urban Art among the French Hmong community." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14(2): 40-51.
Lamborn, S.D. and J. Paasch-Anderson. (2022). "From One Generation to the Next: Hmong American Adolescents’ Views of Maternal Racial Socialization." Journal of Adolescent Research 1–35.
Xiong, Y.S. (2022). Immigrant Agency: Hmong American Movements and the Politics of Racialized Incorporation. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Swartz, T.T, Hartmann, D. & P.L. Vue (2021). "Race, ethnicity, and the incorporation experiences of Hmong American young adults: insights from a mixed-method, longitudinal study." Ethnic and Racial Studies, 45(7): 1197-1217.
Vang, M.. (2021). History on the Run: Secrecy, Fugitivity and Hmong Refugee Epistemologies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Vang M., & K. Myers. (2021). "In the Wake of George Floyd: Hmong Americans’ Refusal to Be a U.S. Ally." Amerasia Journal, 47:1, 20-34.
Vue, R.. (2021). "Trauma and resilience in the lives and education of Hmong American students: forging pedagogies of remembrance with critical refugee discourse." Race Ethnicity and Education, 24:2, 282-301.
Xiong, Y.S. and M.C Thornton. (2021). "Framing racial position and political standing: Hmong Americans in the Wisconsin State Journal and the Chico Enterprise-Record." Ethnicities, 21(1): 42–61.
DePouw C. (2020). "The Need for Critical Race Consciousness in Critical Hmong Studies." Hmong Studies Journal, 21: 1-30.
DeSantiago, D.V. (2020). “Changes, Conflict, and Culture: The Status of Social-Cultural, Environmental, and Legal Challenges for Hmong Cultural Practices in Contemporary California” Hmong Studies Journal, 22: 1-41.
Hopp, A. (2020). "Loyal Soldier, Fearsome Terrorists: The Hmong as a Martial Race in Southeast Asia and the United States." Hmong Studies Journal, 21: 1-30.
Yang, B. (2019). Racial Microaggressions and Alienation Among Hmong American College Students. PhD Dissertation. Minnesota State University, Mankato.
DePouw, C. (2018). “Critical Race Theory and Hmong American Education.” Hmong Studies Journal, 19(1): 1-40.
Lo, B. (2018) "Criminalization and Second-Generation Hmong American Boys." Amerasia Journal, 44:2, 113-126.
Xiong, Y.S. (2018) The Dynamics of Discursive Opportunities in the Hmong Campaign for Inclusion in California, Amerasia Journal, 44:2, 65-87.
Hillmer P. and M.A. Vang. (2017). "Commentary: Ignorance as Bias: Radiolab, Yellow Rain, and 'The Fact of the Matter.'" Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 18.
Vang, N. and J. Hein. (2017). From Kwvtxhiaj and Pajntaub to Theater and Literature: The Role of Generation, Gender, and Human Rights in the Expansion of Hmong American Art.” Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 18.
Lee, M., Lam, B. and N. Madyun. (2017). "Effects of Different-Race Exposure in School and Neighborhood on the Reading Achievement of Hmong Students in the United States." Urban Education 52(10): 1255–1283.
Lee, S., Xiong, C., Pheng, L.M. and M.N. Vang. (2017). "The Model Minority Maze: Hmong Americans Working Within and Around Racial Discourses." Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement: 12(1): 1-21.
Vue, P.L., L. Schein and B. Vang. “Comparative Racialization and Unequal Justice in the Era of Black Lives Matter: The Dylan Yang Case.” Hmong Studies Journal 17(2016): 1-21.
Xiong, Y.S. “The Centrality of Ethnic Community and the Military Service Master Frame in Hmong Americans’ Protest Events and Cycles of Protest, 1980-2012.” Hmong Studies Journal 17(2016): 1-33.
Fung, C. (2015). “`Whether or Not Words Were Said' . . . Chai Soua Vang, Gran Torino, and the Problem of Historicizing Racialized Violence." Social Text 122 33(1): 27-48.
Kinney, R. (2015). The auto-mobility of Gran Torino’s American immigrant dream: cars, class and whiteness in Detroit’s post-industrial cityscape. Race and Class 57(1): 51-66.
Kwan, Y.Y. (2015) Microaggressions and Hmong American Students, Bilingual Research Journal, 38:1, 23-44.
Schein, L. & Bee Vang. (2014) "The Unbearable Racedness of being Natural: A Dialogue on the Gran Torino Production between Lead Actor Bee Vang and Louisa Schein." Cultural Studies, 28(4): 561-573.
Hein, J. (2013). "Can You "Stand Your Ground" If You Are Hmong? Revisiting Wisconsin v. Vang In Light of Florida v. Zimmerman." Hmong Studies Journal, 14: 1-19.
DePouw, C. (2012). "When Culture implies Deficit: Placing Race at the Center of Hmong American Education." Race, Ethnicity, and Education, 15(2): 223-239.
Schein, L. V.M. Thoj, B. Vang and L.C.T. Jalao. (2012). "Beyond Gran Torino’s Guns: Hmong Cultural Warriors
Performing Genders." Positions 20(3): 763-792.
Wilcox, H.N. (2012). "The Mediated Figure of Hmong Farmer, Hmong Studies, and Asian American Critique."
Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 13(1).
Vang, M. (2012). Displaced Histories: Refugee Critique and the Politics of Hmong American Remembering. PhD
Dissertation, University of California, San Diego.
Vang, M. (2012). "The Refugee Soldier: A Critique of Recognition and Citizenship in the Hmong Veterans’
Naturalization Act of 1997." Positions 20(3): 685-712.
Potts, M. (2011). “The Serfs of Arkansas: Immigrant Farmers are Flocking to the Poultry Industry – Only to Become
21st Century Sharecroppers for Companies like Tyson.” The American Prospect, Volume 22 (3)(April 2011).
Takei, I. and A. Sakamoto. (2011). “Poverty Among Asian Americans in the 21st Century.” Sociological Perspectives
54(2): 251-276.
Allen, R. and E.G. Goetz. (2010). “Nativity, Ethnicity, and Residential Relocation: The Experience of
Hmong Refugees and African Americans Displaced from Public Housing.” Journal of Urban Affairs 32(3):
321-344.
Ngo, B. (2010). “Doing ‘Diversity’ at Dynamic High: Problems and Possibilities of Multicultural Education in Practice.” Education and Urban Society 42(4): 473-495.
Schein L. and B. Vang. (2010). "Gran Torino's Hmong Lead Bee Vang on Film, Race, and Masculinity: Conversations with Louisa Schein, Spring 2010." Hmong Studies Journal, 11: 1-11.
Vang, C.Y. (2010). Hmong America: Reconstructing Community in Diaspora. Champaign, IL:
University of Illinois Press.
Xiong, Y.S. (2010). “State Mandated Language Classification: A Study of Hmong American Students’
Access to College-Preparatory Curricula.” AAPI Nexus 8(1): 17-42.
Hein, J. and C.D. Moore. (2009). “Race Relations Stories: How Southeast Asian Refugees Interpret the Ancestral
Narration of Black and White Peers.” Social Psychology Quarterly 72(1): 9-23.
Lee, P. (2009). Racial Assimilation and Popular Culture: Hmong Youth (Sub)cultures and the
Persistance of the Color Line. PhD Dissertation, University of Minnesota.
Schein, L. and V.M. Thoj. (2009). "Gran Torino's Boys and Men with Guns: Hmong Perspectives." Hmong Studies
Journal, Volume 9: 1-52.
Bengston, D.N., Schermann, M., Moua, M., and Lee, T.T. (2008). "Listening to Neglected Voices: Hmong and Public
Lands in Minnesota and Wisconsin."Society & Natural Resources, Nov/Dec2008 21(10): 876-890.
Schein, L., and Thoj, V-M. (2008). "Violence, Hmong American Visibility and the Precariousness of Asian Race."
PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123(5): 1752-1756.
Jesilow J. and M. Xiong. (2007). "Constructing a Social Problem: Suicide, Acculturation and the Hmong."Hmong
Studies Journal, Vol 8, 2007
Schein, L. and V.M. Thoj. (2007). “Occult Racism: The Masking of Race in the Hmong Hunter Incident. A Dialogue
between Anthropologist Louisa Schein and Filmmaker/Activist Va-Megn Thoj.” American Quarterly 59(4): 1051-95.
Her, V.K. and M.L. Buley-Meissner. (2006). "‘Why Would We Want Those Students Here?’: Bridges and Barriers to
Building Campus Community Partnerships." Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 7, 2006
Hein, J. (2006). Ethnic Origins: The Adaptation of Cambodian and Hmong Refugees in Four American Cities. New
York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Trudeau, Dennis. (2006). “Politics of belonging in the construction of landscapes: place-making, boundary-drawing and exclusion.” Cultural Geographies 13(3): 421-443.
Baldillo, A. and V.A. Eng. (2005). "Save a Hunter, Shoot a Hmong." The Modern American. Spring 2005, 3-7.
Lee, S.J. (2005). Up Against Whiteness: Race, School, and Immigrant Youth. New York: Teachers College Press.
Chiu, Monica. (2004). "Medical, Racist, and Colonial Constructions of Power: Creating the Asian American Patient
and the Cultural Citizen in Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down." Hmong Studies Journal,
Volume 5. www.hmongstudies.org
Goh, M., Dunnigan, T., and K.M. Schuchman. (2004). “Bias in Counseling Hmong Clients with Limited English
Proficiency.” The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination: Ethnicity and Multiracial Identity, Vol. 2, p. 109-136.
Chang, John Paokong and Jerry Rosiek. (2003). “Anti-Colonialist Antinomies in a Biology Lesson: A Case Study of
Cultural Conflict in a Science Classroom.” Curriculum Inquiry 33 (3), 251-290.
Faruque, Cathleen Jo. (2003). "Migration of Hmong to Rochester, Minnesota: Life in the Midwest." Hmong Studies
Journal, 4:1-50.
Powers, Steven R. (2003). Asian American Students’ Experiences of Secondary United States History Course Work. M.A. Thesis, Hamline University.
Rockler, Naomi.R. (2003). “Entertainment, the Personal, and the Political: Therapeutic Rhetoric and Popular Culture Controversies.” The Communication Review 6: 97-115.
Yang, Kou. (2003). "Hmong Americans: A Review of Felt Needs, Problems, and Community Development” Hmong
Studies Journal 4:1-23. (View at www.hmongstudies.org)
Goodkind, Jessica Rose. (2002). Promoting Refugee Well-being: A Community-Based Advocacy and Learning
Intervention. PhD Dissertation, Michigan State University.
Goodkind, JR and Foster-Fishman, PG (2002). "Integrating diversity and fostering interdependence: Ecological
lessons learned about refugee participation in multiethnic communities." (Hmong in Lansing, MI) JOURNAL OF
COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 30(4): 389-409.
Her, Kennedee. (2002). Combating Racism, Bigotry, and Prejudice: Preliminary Research for Development of an Oral History CD on the Cultural Heritage of Hmong Americans. MS Thesis, University of Wisconsin Stout.
Hwang, Victor M. (2002). “The Hmong Campaign for Justice: A Practitioner’s Perspective.” Asian Law Journal 9: 83-115.
Lee, S.Q., Templer, D.I., Mar J., and M. Canfield. (2002). “Social Distance and Trait Attribution among four Southeast Asian ethnic groups in the United States.” Psychological Reports 91(1): 326-330.
AU: Lee, SJ TI: Learning "America" - Hmong American high school students SO: EDUCATION AND URBAN SOCIETY BP: 233 EP: 246 PG: 14 PY: 2002 PD: FEB VL: 34 IS: 2
Beger, R.R. and J. Hein. (2001). "Immigrants, Culture, and American Courts: A Typology of Legal Strategies and
Issues in Cases Involving Vietnamese and Hmong Litigants." Criminal Justice Review 26(1): 38-60.
Ly, C. (2001). “The conflict between law and culture: The case of the Hmong in America.” Wisconsin Law Review. 2:
471-499.
Hein, J. (2000). "Interpersonal Discrimination Against Hmong Americans: Parallels and Variation in Microlevel Racial Inequality." Sociological Quarterly 41(3): 413-429.
Goodkind, Jessica Rose (1999). An ecological investigation of Hmong refugees' participation experiences in
multiethnic communities, MA dissertation. Michigan State University.
Hones, D.F. (1999). “Making peace: A narrative study of a bilingual (Hmong) liaison, a school and a community.”
Teachers College Record. 101(1): 106-134.
Lee, Stacey J. (1999). "Are you Chinese or what?" Ethnic identity among Asian Americans. In Rosa Hernandez
Sheets, Etta R. Hollins (Eds.), Racial and ethnic identity in school practices: Aspects of human development (pp. 107-121). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kolytk, J.A. (1998). New Pioneers in the Heartland: Hmong Life in Wisconsin. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
New faces on Main Street: A review of immigration in the U.S. at the dawn of the 21st century [videorecording].
(1998). A co-production of NEWIST/CES #7 and Wisconsin Public Television in association with CEN and ITVS. Green Bay, WI: NEWIST/CESA 7.
Inoway-Ronnie, Eden Toshiko (1996). Teachers' constructions of cultural diversity: An ethnographic study of two
multiethnic and multiracial Head Start classrooms, PhD dissertation. The University of Wisconsin – Madison.
Malgren, Daniel M. (1996). Community oriented policing in the Asian community of Saint Paul, Minnesota. [Typescript]
Cole, Wendy. (1995). Strangers in a strange land. (Hmong children in Wausau, Wisconsin) Time Oct 9 1995 146(15):50.
Jett, Anne D. (1995). The Hmong as News: A Case Study of How a Local Press Portrays a Socially Marginalized
Group. M.A. thesis, University of Minnesota.
Koltyk, Jo Ann (1995). New Pioneers In The Heartland: Hmong Life In Wisconsin (Refugees), PhD dissertation. The University of Wisconsin – Madison
Lindell, Pamela Nanci. (1995). The Hmong of Eureka: a study of medical plurism and social conflict . M.A. thesis,
University of Nevada, Reno.
Neira, John E. (1995). Acculturation of Hmong students: how they feel about life in the United States and their school guidance counselors. M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Stout.
Beck, R. (1994). "The Ordeal of Immigration in Wausau." Atlantic Monthly, April 1994, 84+
Evans-Pritchard, D. & Rundeln, A.D. (1994). The Interpretation and Distortion of Culture: A Hmong "Marriage by
Capture" Case in Fresno, California. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 4(1): 1-48.
Hein, Jeremy. (1994). From migrant to minority: Hmong refugees and the social construction of identity in the United States. Sociological Inquiry, 64(3), 281-306.
Rettig, Perry Richard (1994). Minority Teacher Preparation In An Ex-Urban Setting: The Utop Case Study, PHD
dissertation. Marquette University.
Trevison, C. (1993). “Changing Sexual Assault and the Hmong.” Indiana Law Review 27: 393-314.
Call, K.T. and M. McNall (1992). “Poverty, Ethnicity, and Youth Adjustment: A Comparison of Poor Hmong and Non-
Hmong Adolescents.” In Adolescence, Careers, and Cultures, edited by. W. Meeus, M. Goede, W. Kox and K.
Hurrelmann, 373-392. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Conquergood, D. (1992). "Life in Big Red: Struggles and Accomodations in a Chicago Polyethnic Tenement." In
Structuring Diversity: Ethnographic Perspectives on the New Immigration, edited by L. Lamphere, 95-144. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Ruefle, W., Ross, W.H., and D. Mandell. (1992). “Attitudes Toward Southeast Asian Immigrants in a Wisconsin
Community.” International Migration Review 26(3): 877-898.
McInnes-Dittrich, K. (1990). “Working with the Hmong Community in the Small City.” In Ninth Conference on the Small City and Regional Community: Cultural Diversity in the Small City, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, 1990, ed. by E.J. Miller and R.P. Wolensky, 29-36. Stevens Point, WI: Foundation Press.
Podeschi, R. (1990). “Teaching Their Own: Minority Challenges to Mainstream Institutions. New Directions for Adult
and Continuing Education 48 (Winter 1990): 55-65. (Study of Hmong in Milwaukee).
Snider, W. (1990). “Fresno Schools, Hmong Refugees Seek Common Ground.” Education Week, 5, December 1990, 1, 12-13.
Mitchell, R. (1987). “The Will to Believe and Anti-Refugee Rumors.” Midwestern Folklore 13, no. 1: 5-15.
Scott, G.M. (1987). “To Catch or Not to Catch a Thief: A Case of Bride Theft Among the Lao Hmong Refugees in
Southern California.” Ethnic Groups 7: 137-151.
Olney, D. (1983). The Hmong and Their Neighbors. CURA Reporter (University of Minnesota, Center for Urban and
Regional Affairs). 8(1): 8-14.
Bessac, Susanne and Frank B. (1982). American Perceptions of Hmong Ethnicity: A Study of Hmong Refugees in Missoula, Montana. Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography. Studies of Ethnic
Minority Peoples, Anthony R. Walker, ed., pp. 56-71.
Calderon, E. (1982). The Impact of Indochinese Resettlement in Phillips and Elliot Park Neighborhoods in South
Minneapolis. In the Hmong in the West: Observations and Reports. B.T. Downing and D.P. Olney, eds. pp. 267-286.
Minneapolis: Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota.
Kershaw, G. (1982). Hmong Families in Long Beach 1978-1982: Between Incorporation and Rejection. Paper Read at the Southwestern Anthropological Association Meetings, April 1982. (Unpublished).
Matsumoto, D.R. (1982). Asian Women and the Law: Two Case Studies. In Asian and Pacific American Experiences: Women’s Perspectives. Nobuya Tsuchida, ed., pp. 230-245. Minneapolis: Asian/Pacific American Learning Resource Center, University of Minnesota.
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer PhD
Pha, K. and K. Smalkoski. (2023). “De-Exceptionalizing Sunisa Lee: Uneven Gymnastics and a Hmong American State-less Critique.” American Quarterly, 75(3): 609-631.
Pha, K. (2023). “Colorblindness as Anti-Asian Racism.” American Studies 62(3): 120-142.
Shi, T. (2022). “Local Fashion, Global Imagination: Agency, Identity, and Aspiration in the Diasporic Hmong Community.” Journal of Material Culture 1-24.
Shi, T. (2022). "Visualized Trauma, Sensitized Resistance: Urban Art among the French Hmong community." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14(2): 40-51.
Lamborn, S.D. and J. Paasch-Anderson. (2022). "From One Generation to the Next: Hmong American Adolescents’ Views of Maternal Racial Socialization." Journal of Adolescent Research 1–35.
Xiong, Y.S. (2022). Immigrant Agency: Hmong American Movements and the Politics of Racialized Incorporation. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Swartz, T.T, Hartmann, D. & P.L. Vue (2021). "Race, ethnicity, and the incorporation experiences of Hmong American young adults: insights from a mixed-method, longitudinal study." Ethnic and Racial Studies, 45(7): 1197-1217.
Vang, M.. (2021). History on the Run: Secrecy, Fugitivity and Hmong Refugee Epistemologies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Vang M., & K. Myers. (2021). "In the Wake of George Floyd: Hmong Americans’ Refusal to Be a U.S. Ally." Amerasia Journal, 47:1, 20-34.
Vue, R.. (2021). "Trauma and resilience in the lives and education of Hmong American students: forging pedagogies of remembrance with critical refugee discourse." Race Ethnicity and Education, 24:2, 282-301.
Xiong, Y.S. and M.C Thornton. (2021). "Framing racial position and political standing: Hmong Americans in the Wisconsin State Journal and the Chico Enterprise-Record." Ethnicities, 21(1): 42–61.
DePouw C. (2020). "The Need for Critical Race Consciousness in Critical Hmong Studies." Hmong Studies Journal, 21: 1-30.
DeSantiago, D.V. (2020). “Changes, Conflict, and Culture: The Status of Social-Cultural, Environmental, and Legal Challenges for Hmong Cultural Practices in Contemporary California” Hmong Studies Journal, 22: 1-41.
Hopp, A. (2020). "Loyal Soldier, Fearsome Terrorists: The Hmong as a Martial Race in Southeast Asia and the United States." Hmong Studies Journal, 21: 1-30.
Yang, B. (2019). Racial Microaggressions and Alienation Among Hmong American College Students. PhD Dissertation. Minnesota State University, Mankato.
DePouw, C. (2018). “Critical Race Theory and Hmong American Education.” Hmong Studies Journal, 19(1): 1-40.
Lo, B. (2018) "Criminalization and Second-Generation Hmong American Boys." Amerasia Journal, 44:2, 113-126.
Xiong, Y.S. (2018) The Dynamics of Discursive Opportunities in the Hmong Campaign for Inclusion in California, Amerasia Journal, 44:2, 65-87.
Hillmer P. and M.A. Vang. (2017). "Commentary: Ignorance as Bias: Radiolab, Yellow Rain, and 'The Fact of the Matter.'" Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 18.
Vang, N. and J. Hein. (2017). From Kwvtxhiaj and Pajntaub to Theater and Literature: The Role of Generation, Gender, and Human Rights in the Expansion of Hmong American Art.” Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 18.
Lee, M., Lam, B. and N. Madyun. (2017). "Effects of Different-Race Exposure in School and Neighborhood on the Reading Achievement of Hmong Students in the United States." Urban Education 52(10): 1255–1283.
Lee, S., Xiong, C., Pheng, L.M. and M.N. Vang. (2017). "The Model Minority Maze: Hmong Americans Working Within and Around Racial Discourses." Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement: 12(1): 1-21.
Vue, P.L., L. Schein and B. Vang. “Comparative Racialization and Unequal Justice in the Era of Black Lives Matter: The Dylan Yang Case.” Hmong Studies Journal 17(2016): 1-21.
Xiong, Y.S. “The Centrality of Ethnic Community and the Military Service Master Frame in Hmong Americans’ Protest Events and Cycles of Protest, 1980-2012.” Hmong Studies Journal 17(2016): 1-33.
Fung, C. (2015). “`Whether or Not Words Were Said' . . . Chai Soua Vang, Gran Torino, and the Problem of Historicizing Racialized Violence." Social Text 122 33(1): 27-48.
Kinney, R. (2015). The auto-mobility of Gran Torino’s American immigrant dream: cars, class and whiteness in Detroit’s post-industrial cityscape. Race and Class 57(1): 51-66.
Kwan, Y.Y. (2015) Microaggressions and Hmong American Students, Bilingual Research Journal, 38:1, 23-44.
Schein, L. & Bee Vang. (2014) "The Unbearable Racedness of being Natural: A Dialogue on the Gran Torino Production between Lead Actor Bee Vang and Louisa Schein." Cultural Studies, 28(4): 561-573.
Hein, J. (2013). "Can You "Stand Your Ground" If You Are Hmong? Revisiting Wisconsin v. Vang In Light of Florida v. Zimmerman." Hmong Studies Journal, 14: 1-19.
DePouw, C. (2012). "When Culture implies Deficit: Placing Race at the Center of Hmong American Education." Race, Ethnicity, and Education, 15(2): 223-239.
Schein, L. V.M. Thoj, B. Vang and L.C.T. Jalao. (2012). "Beyond Gran Torino’s Guns: Hmong Cultural Warriors
Performing Genders." Positions 20(3): 763-792.
Wilcox, H.N. (2012). "The Mediated Figure of Hmong Farmer, Hmong Studies, and Asian American Critique."
Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 13(1).
Vang, M. (2012). Displaced Histories: Refugee Critique and the Politics of Hmong American Remembering. PhD
Dissertation, University of California, San Diego.
Vang, M. (2012). "The Refugee Soldier: A Critique of Recognition and Citizenship in the Hmong Veterans’
Naturalization Act of 1997." Positions 20(3): 685-712.
Potts, M. (2011). “The Serfs of Arkansas: Immigrant Farmers are Flocking to the Poultry Industry – Only to Become
21st Century Sharecroppers for Companies like Tyson.” The American Prospect, Volume 22 (3)(April 2011).
Takei, I. and A. Sakamoto. (2011). “Poverty Among Asian Americans in the 21st Century.” Sociological Perspectives
54(2): 251-276.
Allen, R. and E.G. Goetz. (2010). “Nativity, Ethnicity, and Residential Relocation: The Experience of
Hmong Refugees and African Americans Displaced from Public Housing.” Journal of Urban Affairs 32(3):
321-344.
Ngo, B. (2010). “Doing ‘Diversity’ at Dynamic High: Problems and Possibilities of Multicultural Education in Practice.” Education and Urban Society 42(4): 473-495.
Schein L. and B. Vang. (2010). "Gran Torino's Hmong Lead Bee Vang on Film, Race, and Masculinity: Conversations with Louisa Schein, Spring 2010." Hmong Studies Journal, 11: 1-11.
Vang, C.Y. (2010). Hmong America: Reconstructing Community in Diaspora. Champaign, IL:
University of Illinois Press.
Xiong, Y.S. (2010). “State Mandated Language Classification: A Study of Hmong American Students’
Access to College-Preparatory Curricula.” AAPI Nexus 8(1): 17-42.
Hein, J. and C.D. Moore. (2009). “Race Relations Stories: How Southeast Asian Refugees Interpret the Ancestral
Narration of Black and White Peers.” Social Psychology Quarterly 72(1): 9-23.
Lee, P. (2009). Racial Assimilation and Popular Culture: Hmong Youth (Sub)cultures and the
Persistance of the Color Line. PhD Dissertation, University of Minnesota.
Schein, L. and V.M. Thoj. (2009). "Gran Torino's Boys and Men with Guns: Hmong Perspectives." Hmong Studies
Journal, Volume 9: 1-52.
Bengston, D.N., Schermann, M., Moua, M., and Lee, T.T. (2008). "Listening to Neglected Voices: Hmong and Public
Lands in Minnesota and Wisconsin."Society & Natural Resources, Nov/Dec2008 21(10): 876-890.
Schein, L., and Thoj, V-M. (2008). "Violence, Hmong American Visibility and the Precariousness of Asian Race."
PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123(5): 1752-1756.
Jesilow J. and M. Xiong. (2007). "Constructing a Social Problem: Suicide, Acculturation and the Hmong."Hmong
Studies Journal, Vol 8, 2007
Schein, L. and V.M. Thoj. (2007). “Occult Racism: The Masking of Race in the Hmong Hunter Incident. A Dialogue
between Anthropologist Louisa Schein and Filmmaker/Activist Va-Megn Thoj.” American Quarterly 59(4): 1051-95.
Her, V.K. and M.L. Buley-Meissner. (2006). "‘Why Would We Want Those Students Here?’: Bridges and Barriers to
Building Campus Community Partnerships." Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 7, 2006
Hein, J. (2006). Ethnic Origins: The Adaptation of Cambodian and Hmong Refugees in Four American Cities. New
York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Trudeau, Dennis. (2006). “Politics of belonging in the construction of landscapes: place-making, boundary-drawing and exclusion.” Cultural Geographies 13(3): 421-443.
Baldillo, A. and V.A. Eng. (2005). "Save a Hunter, Shoot a Hmong." The Modern American. Spring 2005, 3-7.
Lee, S.J. (2005). Up Against Whiteness: Race, School, and Immigrant Youth. New York: Teachers College Press.
Chiu, Monica. (2004). "Medical, Racist, and Colonial Constructions of Power: Creating the Asian American Patient
and the Cultural Citizen in Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down." Hmong Studies Journal,
Volume 5. www.hmongstudies.org
Goh, M., Dunnigan, T., and K.M. Schuchman. (2004). “Bias in Counseling Hmong Clients with Limited English
Proficiency.” The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination: Ethnicity and Multiracial Identity, Vol. 2, p. 109-136.
Chang, John Paokong and Jerry Rosiek. (2003). “Anti-Colonialist Antinomies in a Biology Lesson: A Case Study of
Cultural Conflict in a Science Classroom.” Curriculum Inquiry 33 (3), 251-290.
Faruque, Cathleen Jo. (2003). "Migration of Hmong to Rochester, Minnesota: Life in the Midwest." Hmong Studies
Journal, 4:1-50.
Powers, Steven R. (2003). Asian American Students’ Experiences of Secondary United States History Course Work. M.A. Thesis, Hamline University.
Rockler, Naomi.R. (2003). “Entertainment, the Personal, and the Political: Therapeutic Rhetoric and Popular Culture Controversies.” The Communication Review 6: 97-115.
Yang, Kou. (2003). "Hmong Americans: A Review of Felt Needs, Problems, and Community Development” Hmong
Studies Journal 4:1-23. (View at www.hmongstudies.org)
Goodkind, Jessica Rose. (2002). Promoting Refugee Well-being: A Community-Based Advocacy and Learning
Intervention. PhD Dissertation, Michigan State University.
Goodkind, JR and Foster-Fishman, PG (2002). "Integrating diversity and fostering interdependence: Ecological
lessons learned about refugee participation in multiethnic communities." (Hmong in Lansing, MI) JOURNAL OF
COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 30(4): 389-409.
Her, Kennedee. (2002). Combating Racism, Bigotry, and Prejudice: Preliminary Research for Development of an Oral History CD on the Cultural Heritage of Hmong Americans. MS Thesis, University of Wisconsin Stout.
Hwang, Victor M. (2002). “The Hmong Campaign for Justice: A Practitioner’s Perspective.” Asian Law Journal 9: 83-115.
Lee, S.Q., Templer, D.I., Mar J., and M. Canfield. (2002). “Social Distance and Trait Attribution among four Southeast Asian ethnic groups in the United States.” Psychological Reports 91(1): 326-330.
AU: Lee, SJ TI: Learning "America" - Hmong American high school students SO: EDUCATION AND URBAN SOCIETY BP: 233 EP: 246 PG: 14 PY: 2002 PD: FEB VL: 34 IS: 2
Beger, R.R. and J. Hein. (2001). "Immigrants, Culture, and American Courts: A Typology of Legal Strategies and
Issues in Cases Involving Vietnamese and Hmong Litigants." Criminal Justice Review 26(1): 38-60.
Ly, C. (2001). “The conflict between law and culture: The case of the Hmong in America.” Wisconsin Law Review. 2:
471-499.
Hein, J. (2000). "Interpersonal Discrimination Against Hmong Americans: Parallels and Variation in Microlevel Racial Inequality." Sociological Quarterly 41(3): 413-429.
Goodkind, Jessica Rose (1999). An ecological investigation of Hmong refugees' participation experiences in
multiethnic communities, MA dissertation. Michigan State University.
Hones, D.F. (1999). “Making peace: A narrative study of a bilingual (Hmong) liaison, a school and a community.”
Teachers College Record. 101(1): 106-134.
Lee, Stacey J. (1999). "Are you Chinese or what?" Ethnic identity among Asian Americans. In Rosa Hernandez
Sheets, Etta R. Hollins (Eds.), Racial and ethnic identity in school practices: Aspects of human development (pp. 107-121). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kolytk, J.A. (1998). New Pioneers in the Heartland: Hmong Life in Wisconsin. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
New faces on Main Street: A review of immigration in the U.S. at the dawn of the 21st century [videorecording].
(1998). A co-production of NEWIST/CES #7 and Wisconsin Public Television in association with CEN and ITVS. Green Bay, WI: NEWIST/CESA 7.
Inoway-Ronnie, Eden Toshiko (1996). Teachers' constructions of cultural diversity: An ethnographic study of two
multiethnic and multiracial Head Start classrooms, PhD dissertation. The University of Wisconsin – Madison.
Malgren, Daniel M. (1996). Community oriented policing in the Asian community of Saint Paul, Minnesota. [Typescript]
Cole, Wendy. (1995). Strangers in a strange land. (Hmong children in Wausau, Wisconsin) Time Oct 9 1995 146(15):50.
Jett, Anne D. (1995). The Hmong as News: A Case Study of How a Local Press Portrays a Socially Marginalized
Group. M.A. thesis, University of Minnesota.
Koltyk, Jo Ann (1995). New Pioneers In The Heartland: Hmong Life In Wisconsin (Refugees), PhD dissertation. The University of Wisconsin – Madison
Lindell, Pamela Nanci. (1995). The Hmong of Eureka: a study of medical plurism and social conflict . M.A. thesis,
University of Nevada, Reno.
Neira, John E. (1995). Acculturation of Hmong students: how they feel about life in the United States and their school guidance counselors. M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Stout.
Beck, R. (1994). "The Ordeal of Immigration in Wausau." Atlantic Monthly, April 1994, 84+
Evans-Pritchard, D. & Rundeln, A.D. (1994). The Interpretation and Distortion of Culture: A Hmong "Marriage by
Capture" Case in Fresno, California. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 4(1): 1-48.
Hein, Jeremy. (1994). From migrant to minority: Hmong refugees and the social construction of identity in the United States. Sociological Inquiry, 64(3), 281-306.
Rettig, Perry Richard (1994). Minority Teacher Preparation In An Ex-Urban Setting: The Utop Case Study, PHD
dissertation. Marquette University.
Trevison, C. (1993). “Changing Sexual Assault and the Hmong.” Indiana Law Review 27: 393-314.
Call, K.T. and M. McNall (1992). “Poverty, Ethnicity, and Youth Adjustment: A Comparison of Poor Hmong and Non-
Hmong Adolescents.” In Adolescence, Careers, and Cultures, edited by. W. Meeus, M. Goede, W. Kox and K.
Hurrelmann, 373-392. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Conquergood, D. (1992). "Life in Big Red: Struggles and Accomodations in a Chicago Polyethnic Tenement." In
Structuring Diversity: Ethnographic Perspectives on the New Immigration, edited by L. Lamphere, 95-144. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Ruefle, W., Ross, W.H., and D. Mandell. (1992). “Attitudes Toward Southeast Asian Immigrants in a Wisconsin
Community.” International Migration Review 26(3): 877-898.
McInnes-Dittrich, K. (1990). “Working with the Hmong Community in the Small City.” In Ninth Conference on the Small City and Regional Community: Cultural Diversity in the Small City, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, 1990, ed. by E.J. Miller and R.P. Wolensky, 29-36. Stevens Point, WI: Foundation Press.
Podeschi, R. (1990). “Teaching Their Own: Minority Challenges to Mainstream Institutions. New Directions for Adult
and Continuing Education 48 (Winter 1990): 55-65. (Study of Hmong in Milwaukee).
Snider, W. (1990). “Fresno Schools, Hmong Refugees Seek Common Ground.” Education Week, 5, December 1990, 1, 12-13.
Mitchell, R. (1987). “The Will to Believe and Anti-Refugee Rumors.” Midwestern Folklore 13, no. 1: 5-15.
Scott, G.M. (1987). “To Catch or Not to Catch a Thief: A Case of Bride Theft Among the Lao Hmong Refugees in
Southern California.” Ethnic Groups 7: 137-151.
Olney, D. (1983). The Hmong and Their Neighbors. CURA Reporter (University of Minnesota, Center for Urban and
Regional Affairs). 8(1): 8-14.
Bessac, Susanne and Frank B. (1982). American Perceptions of Hmong Ethnicity: A Study of Hmong Refugees in Missoula, Montana. Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography. Studies of Ethnic
Minority Peoples, Anthony R. Walker, ed., pp. 56-71.
Calderon, E. (1982). The Impact of Indochinese Resettlement in Phillips and Elliot Park Neighborhoods in South
Minneapolis. In the Hmong in the West: Observations and Reports. B.T. Downing and D.P. Olney, eds. pp. 267-286.
Minneapolis: Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota.
Kershaw, G. (1982). Hmong Families in Long Beach 1978-1982: Between Incorporation and Rejection. Paper Read at the Southwestern Anthropological Association Meetings, April 1982. (Unpublished).
Matsumoto, D.R. (1982). Asian Women and the Law: Two Case Studies. In Asian and Pacific American Experiences: Women’s Perspectives. Nobuya Tsuchida, ed., pp. 230-245. Minneapolis: Asian/Pacific American Learning Resource Center, University of Minnesota.