Hmong History and Early Studies of the Hmong
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD
Vang, M.. (2021). History on the Run: Secrecy, Fugitivity and Hmong Refugee Epistemologies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
McMahon, D. “The Qing Response to the Miao Kings of China’s 1795-7 Miao Revolt.” Hmong Studies Journal 17(2017: 1-37.
Lee, M.N. (2015). Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850–1960. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Vang, N.N. (2015). "Book Review: Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850-1960." Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 16.
Cai, X. et al. (2011). "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8) 1-10.
Yang, K. (2009). "Challenges and Complexity in the Re-Construction of Hmong History." Hmong Studies Journal,
Volume 10: 1-17.
McMahon, D. (2008). “New Order on China’s Hunan Miao Frontier, 1796-1812.” Journal of
Colonialism and Colonial History 9(1):1-24.
Lee, G.Y. (2007). "Diaspora and the Predicament of Origins: Interrogating Hmong Postcolonial History and
Identity."Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 8, 2007
Entenmann, R. (2005). "The Myth of Sonom, the Hmong King" Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 6, 2005.
Lee, G.Y. (2005). "The Shaping of Traditions: Agriculture and Hmong Society" Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 6,
2005.
Lee, M.N.M. (2005). The dream of the Hmong kingdom: Resistance, collaboration, and legitimacy
under French colonialism (1893--1955). PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Ranard, D.A. (Editor). (2004). The Hmong: An Introduction to their History and Culture. Washington D.C.: Center
for Applied Linguistics.
Lewis, R.A. (2004). "The A Hmao in Northeast Yunnan and Northwest Guizhou Provinces: Perspectives on the
Encounter with the A Hmao from some Western Protestant Missionaries." In Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai,
Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 217-236.
Siu-Woo, C. (2004). "Miao Identity in Western Guizhou: China during the Republican Period." In Hmong/Miao in
Asia. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 237-272.
Tapp, N. (2004). "The State of Hmong Studies (An Essay on Bibliography). In Tapp, N., Michaud, J., Culas, C.,
and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 3-38.
Pfeifer, M.E. (2004). “The State of Hmong-American Studies.” Article posted online at the Hmong Studies Internet
Resource Center, 12 pages.
Postert, C. (2004). "From Culture Circle to Cultural Ecology: The Hmong/Miao as reflected in German and
Austrian Anthropology." In Tapp, N., Michaud, J., Culas, C., and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang
Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 39-60.
Culas, C. and J. Michaud. (2004). "A Contribution to the Study of Hmong (Miao) Migrations and History." In Tapp,
N., Michaud, J., Culas, C., and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books,
pp. 61-96.
Culas, C. (2004). "Innovation and Tradition in Rituals and Cosmology: Hmong Messianism and Shamanism in
Southeast Asia." In Tapp, N., Michaud, J., Culas, C., and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai,
Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 97-128.
Sutton, D.S. (2003). “Violence and Ethnicity on a Qing Colonial Frontier: Customary and Statutory Law in the
Eighteenth Century Miao Pale.” Modern Asian Studies 37(1): 41-80.
McMahon, D. (2002). “Identity and Conflict on a Chinese Borderland: Yan Ruyi and the Recruitment of the Gelao
during the 1795-97 Miao Revolt.” Late Imperial China 23(2)(December 2002): 53-86. T
Pfeifer, M.E. (2002). "Hmong-Related Literature: Past, Present, and Future Directions” Research Paper, Hmong
Studies Resource Center.
Culas, C. (2000). Origins of the Hmong in Laos and Siam in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. From
Turbulent Times and Enduring Peoples: Mountain Minorities in the Southeast Asian Massif, ed. Jean Michaud.
Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. pp. 29-50.
Lee, M.N.M. (2000). Making the paramount chief: transformation of the Hmong clan leadership structure under
French colonial rule (1893-1960). M.A. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Lewis, A. (2000). The Western Protestant Missionaries and the Miao in Yunnan and Guizhou, Southwest China.
From Turbulent Times and Enduring Peoples: Mountain Minorities in the Southeast Asian Massif, ed. Jean
Michaud. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. pp. 79-98.
McKinnon, J. and J. Michaud. (2000). A Historical Panorama of the Montagnards in Northern Vietnam under
French Rule.
Michaud, J. and C. Culas (2000). “The Hmong of the Southeast Asia Massif: Their Recent History of Migration.” In
G. Evans, C. Hutton, and K.K. Eng eds. Where China Meets Southeast Asia: Social and Cultural Change in the
Border Regions Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 98-121.
Yang, K. (2000). "The passing of a Hmong Pioneer: Nhiavu Lobliayao (Nyiaj Vws Lauj Npliaj Yob), 1915-1999."
Hmong Studies Journal Vol. 3
Lee, M.N.M. (1998). “The Thousand-Year Myth: Construction and Characterization of Hmong.” Hmong Studies
Journal 2(2): 1-15.
Cheung, S.W. (1997). "Millenarianism, Christian Movements, and Ethnic Change Among the Miao in Southwest
China." In Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers, Ed. S. Harrell, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
2nd Printing, pp. 217-247.
Culas, C and Michaud, J. (1997). “A contribution to the study of Hmong (Miao) migrations and history.”
BIJDRAGEN TOT DE TAAL- LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE. 153(2): 211-243.
Diamond, N. (1997). "Defining the Miao: Ming, Qing, and Contemporary Views." In Cultural Encounters on China's
Ethnic Frontiers, Ed. S. Harrell, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2nd Printing, pp. 92-116.
Lyfoung, T. (1996). Touby Lyfoung. St. Paul, MN: Touby Lyfoung Foundation.
Hostetler, L. (1995). Chinese Ethnography in the 18th Century: Miao Albums of Guizhou Province. PhD
Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.
Hudspeth, William H. (orig. 1937; etext 1997) Stone-Gateway and the Flower Miao. London: The Cargate Press.
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Benson/WHH_00HERIntro.html.
Mottin, Jean. (orig. 1980) History of the Hmong. Bangkok: Odeon Store. Republished as electronic text by Hmong
Electronic Resources Project
Kaiyi, Y. (1996). "Hmong-Mongolian?" In Hmong Forum, Saint Paul, MN: Haiv Hmoob, Inc. pp. 48-62.
Sagart, L. (1995). “Chinese Buy-And-Sell and the Direction of Borrowings Between Chinese and Hmong-Mien – A
Response to Haudricourt and Strecker.” Toung Pao. 81(4-5): 328-342.
Quincy, Keith. (1995). Hmong: History of a people . 2nd ed. Cheney, Wash.: Eastern Washington University.
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Government." Paper reprinted at www.hmong.com website. 5 p.
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Minneapolis Public Schools Collaborative Services Dept.
Jenks, R.D. (1994). Insurgency and Social Disorder in Guizhou: The Miao ‘Rebellion’, 1854-1873. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.
Chanson, P. (1993). “Father Yves Bertrais, An Essential Figure in the History of Hmong Christianity: Tribute in the
Form of a Travel Story.” Translated by J.L.C. Steenbrink. Exchange: Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical
Research 22 (April 1993) 1-17.
Davidson, Jack (1993). Hmong Ethnohistory: An Historical Study Of Hmong Culture And Its Implications For
Ministry (Laotian), Dmiss dissertation. Fuller Theological Seminary, School Of World Mission.
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Folklore 106 (Summer 1993): 304-337.
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Burman Area 10 (Fall 1987): 22-42.
Jenkins, S. (1983). A Chronology of Hmong History. (unpublished)
Yang, N. (1982). Hmong History and Culture. (unpublished)
Mottin, J. (1980). History of the Hmong. Bangkok: Odeon Store.
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Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD
Vang, M.. (2021). History on the Run: Secrecy, Fugitivity and Hmong Refugee Epistemologies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
McMahon, D. “The Qing Response to the Miao Kings of China’s 1795-7 Miao Revolt.” Hmong Studies Journal 17(2017: 1-37.
Lee, M.N. (2015). Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850–1960. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Vang, N.N. (2015). "Book Review: Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850-1960." Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 16.
Cai, X. et al. (2011). "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8) 1-10.
Yang, K. (2009). "Challenges and Complexity in the Re-Construction of Hmong History." Hmong Studies Journal,
Volume 10: 1-17.
McMahon, D. (2008). “New Order on China’s Hunan Miao Frontier, 1796-1812.” Journal of
Colonialism and Colonial History 9(1):1-24.
Lee, G.Y. (2007). "Diaspora and the Predicament of Origins: Interrogating Hmong Postcolonial History and
Identity."Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 8, 2007
Entenmann, R. (2005). "The Myth of Sonom, the Hmong King" Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 6, 2005.
Lee, G.Y. (2005). "The Shaping of Traditions: Agriculture and Hmong Society" Hmong Studies Journal, Vol 6,
2005.
Lee, M.N.M. (2005). The dream of the Hmong kingdom: Resistance, collaboration, and legitimacy
under French colonialism (1893--1955). PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Ranard, D.A. (Editor). (2004). The Hmong: An Introduction to their History and Culture. Washington D.C.: Center
for Applied Linguistics.
Lewis, R.A. (2004). "The A Hmao in Northeast Yunnan and Northwest Guizhou Provinces: Perspectives on the
Encounter with the A Hmao from some Western Protestant Missionaries." In Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai,
Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 217-236.
Siu-Woo, C. (2004). "Miao Identity in Western Guizhou: China during the Republican Period." In Hmong/Miao in
Asia. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 237-272.
Tapp, N. (2004). "The State of Hmong Studies (An Essay on Bibliography). In Tapp, N., Michaud, J., Culas, C.,
and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 3-38.
Pfeifer, M.E. (2004). “The State of Hmong-American Studies.” Article posted online at the Hmong Studies Internet
Resource Center, 12 pages.
Postert, C. (2004). "From Culture Circle to Cultural Ecology: The Hmong/Miao as reflected in German and
Austrian Anthropology." In Tapp, N., Michaud, J., Culas, C., and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang
Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 39-60.
Culas, C. and J. Michaud. (2004). "A Contribution to the Study of Hmong (Miao) Migrations and History." In Tapp,
N., Michaud, J., Culas, C., and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books,
pp. 61-96.
Culas, C. (2004). "Innovation and Tradition in Rituals and Cosmology: Hmong Messianism and Shamanism in
Southeast Asia." In Tapp, N., Michaud, J., Culas, C., and Lee, G.Y. (Editors). Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai,
Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 97-128.
Sutton, D.S. (2003). “Violence and Ethnicity on a Qing Colonial Frontier: Customary and Statutory Law in the
Eighteenth Century Miao Pale.” Modern Asian Studies 37(1): 41-80.
McMahon, D. (2002). “Identity and Conflict on a Chinese Borderland: Yan Ruyi and the Recruitment of the Gelao
during the 1795-97 Miao Revolt.” Late Imperial China 23(2)(December 2002): 53-86. T
Pfeifer, M.E. (2002). "Hmong-Related Literature: Past, Present, and Future Directions” Research Paper, Hmong
Studies Resource Center.
Culas, C. (2000). Origins of the Hmong in Laos and Siam in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. From
Turbulent Times and Enduring Peoples: Mountain Minorities in the Southeast Asian Massif, ed. Jean Michaud.
Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. pp. 29-50.
Lee, M.N.M. (2000). Making the paramount chief: transformation of the Hmong clan leadership structure under
French colonial rule (1893-1960). M.A. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Lewis, A. (2000). The Western Protestant Missionaries and the Miao in Yunnan and Guizhou, Southwest China.
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