Hmong Clans and Kinship
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD
Lee, S. (2020) Diasporic kinship hegemonies and transnational continuities in the Hmong diaspora, Identities, 27:2, 229-247.
Nibbs, F. (2013). "Kinship at the intersection of lineage and linguistics: a study of Hmong relatedness in Western contexts." Language and Intercultual communication. 1-15.
Baas, S.A. (2011). What Does It Mean to be Hmong in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, According to the 18
Clan Council and Associated Hmong Men and Women Leaders? EdD Dissertation, Saint Mary's University
of Minnesota.
Keown-Bomar, J.A. (2004). Kinship Networks Among Hmong-Americans. LFB Scholarly Publishing.
Keown-Bomar, J.A. (2003). Relative abilities: Hmong-American kinship in Wisconsin. PhD Dissertation,
University of Minnesota.
Moua, T. (2003). The Hmong Culture: Kinship, Marriage and Family Systems. M.S. Thesis, University of
Wisconsin-Stout.
Cohen, J.R. (2002). “Building a Bridge: Lessons Learned from Family Mediation Training for the Hmong
Community of Minnesota.” Family Court Review 40(3): 338-349.
Moua, X. (2001). Hmong clan leaders' roles and responsibilities, MSW Thesis, California State University, Fresno.
Leepreecha, P. (2001). Kinship and Identity among Hmong in Thailand. PhD Dissertation, University of
Washington.
Thao, P. (1999). Mong Education at the crossroads. Lanham. Md.: University Press of America.
Cooper, R. (Editor) (1998). The Hmong: A guide to traditional lifestyles . Singapore: Times Editions.
Hein, J. (1997). “The Hmong Cultural Repertoire: Explaining Cultural Variation Within an Ethnic Group.” Hmong
Studies Journal 2(2): 1-11.
Lee, Gary Yia. (1996) "Cultural Identity In Post-Modern Society: Reflections on What is a Hmong?"Hmong Studies
Journal Vol. 1 No. 1.
Lucke, Joyce Joanna. (1995). We all agree: a study of cultural consensus in a Hmong community .Ph.D.,
University of Wisconsin.
Yaj, N., Lee, T., Yaj, K., and S.K. Yaj. (1995). Introduction to Hmong History and Culture. Minneapolis, MN:
Minneapolis Public Schools Collaborative Services Dept.
Bays, Sharon Arlene. (1994). Cultural politics and identity formation in a San Joaquin Valley Hmong community .
Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Hall, Sandra, E. (1994). Dispute Settlement Procedures Among the Hmong: Melody and Improvisation. MA Thesis,
Hamline University.
Hein, Jeremy. (1994). From migrant to minority: Hmong refugees and the social construction of identity in the
United States. Sociological Inquiry, 64(3), 281-306.
Moua, Tou Yer. (1994). Hmong values and political leadership as perceived by the U.S. Hmongs . Ph.D.
dissertation, United States International University.
Helzer, J.J. (1993). Maintenance of Ethnic Identity: Hmong and Mien Settlement and Survival in Northern
California. Master’s Thesis, California State University, Chico.
Yang, D. (1992). “The Hmong: Enduring Traditions.” In Minority Cultures of Laos: Kammu, Lua’, Lahu, Hmong and
Mien, edited by J. Lewis, 249-326. Rancho Cordova, CA: Southeast Asian Community Resource Center, Folsom
Cordova Unified School District, 1992.
Hall, S.E. (1990). "Hmong Kinship Roles: Insiders and Outsiders." Hmong Forum, 1:25-39.
"A Clan Against All Odds." Insight, 16 January 1989, 16-17.
Coughlin, E.K. (1988). "Hmong Refugee Families Rely on Internal Sources of Support." Chronicle of Higher
Education, 7 September 1988, A5.
Dunnigan, T. (1987). "Segmentary Kinship in An Urban Society: The Hmong of St. Paul-Minneapolis."
Anthropological Quarterly 55(3): 126-134.
Dunnigan, T. (1986). “Processes of Identity Maintenance in Hmong Society.” In The Hmong in Transition, ed. by G.
L. Hendricks, B.T. Downing, and A.S. Deinard, 41-53.
Lee. G.Y. (1986). "White Hmong Kinship Terminology and Structure." In The Hmong World, Editors, Brenda Johns
and David Strecker, New Haven, CT: Council on Southeast Asia Studies, pp. 12-32.
Bishop, K.A.(1985). The Hmong Of Central California: An Investigation and Analysis Of The Changing Family
Structure During Liminality, Acculturation And Transition, EdD dissertation. University of San Francisco.
Lee, G.Y. (1985). “Aspects of Hmong Residence, Household, and Marriage.” Minneapolis: Southeast Asian
Refugee Studies Project, University of Minnesota, 1985.
Lee, G.Y. (1985). “Hmong Social Structure and World View.” Minneapolis: Southeast Asian Refugee Studies
Project, University of Minnesota, 1985.
Bishop, K.A. (1984). The Hmong of Central California: An Investigation and Analysis of the Changing Family
Structure During Liminality, Acculturation and Transition.” Ed.D. dissertation, University of San Francisco.
Kunstadter, P. (1984). “Cultural Ideals, Socioeconomic Change, and Household Composition: Karen Lua’, Hmong
and Thai in Northwestern Thailand.” In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group,
edited by R. Mcc Netting, RR. Wilk, and E.J. Arnould, 299-329. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
Press, 1984.
Dunnigan, Timothy (1982). Segmentary Kinship in an Urban Society: The Hmong of St. Paul - Minneapolis.
Anthropological Quarterly 55(3):126-136.
Finck, John (1982). Clan Leadership in the Hmong Community of Providence, Rhode Island. In The Hmong in the
West: Observations and Reports. Bruce T. Downing and Douglas P. Olney, eds., pp. 21-28. Minneapolis: Center
for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota.
Dunnigan, T. (1980). The Importance of Kinship in Hmong Community Development. Paper Read at the American
Anthropological Association.
Cooper, Robert G. (1978) (a). Dynamic Tension: Symbiosis and Contradiction in Hmong Social Relations. In The
New Economic Anthropology, John Clammer, ed. pp. 138-175. London: MacMillan Press.
Cooper, Robert G. (1978) (b). Unity and Division in Hmong Social Categories in Thailand. In Studies in ASEAN
Sociology, Peter Chen and Hans-Dieter Evers, eds. pp. 297-320. Singapore: Chopmen Enterprises.
Geddes, William R. (1976). Migrants of the Mountains: The Cultural Ecology of the Blue Miao (Hmong Njua) of
Thailand. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [301.9593 G267]
Lemoine, Jacques (1972). Un village Hmong Vert du haut Laos. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique. [301.9594 L544]
Beauclair, Inez de (1970 ). A Miao Tribe of Southeast Kweichow and its Cultural Configuration. In Tribal Cultures
of Southwest China, pp. 60-145. Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service.
Bernatzik, H.R. (1970). Akha and Miao: Problems of Applied Ethnography in Farther India. New Haven, CT:
Human Relations Area Files, Yale University.
Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD
Lee, S. (2020) Diasporic kinship hegemonies and transnational continuities in the Hmong diaspora, Identities, 27:2, 229-247.
Nibbs, F. (2013). "Kinship at the intersection of lineage and linguistics: a study of Hmong relatedness in Western contexts." Language and Intercultual communication. 1-15.
Baas, S.A. (2011). What Does It Mean to be Hmong in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, According to the 18
Clan Council and Associated Hmong Men and Women Leaders? EdD Dissertation, Saint Mary's University
of Minnesota.
Keown-Bomar, J.A. (2004). Kinship Networks Among Hmong-Americans. LFB Scholarly Publishing.
Keown-Bomar, J.A. (2003). Relative abilities: Hmong-American kinship in Wisconsin. PhD Dissertation,
University of Minnesota.
Moua, T. (2003). The Hmong Culture: Kinship, Marriage and Family Systems. M.S. Thesis, University of
Wisconsin-Stout.
Cohen, J.R. (2002). “Building a Bridge: Lessons Learned from Family Mediation Training for the Hmong
Community of Minnesota.” Family Court Review 40(3): 338-349.
Moua, X. (2001). Hmong clan leaders' roles and responsibilities, MSW Thesis, California State University, Fresno.
Leepreecha, P. (2001). Kinship and Identity among Hmong in Thailand. PhD Dissertation, University of
Washington.
Thao, P. (1999). Mong Education at the crossroads. Lanham. Md.: University Press of America.
Cooper, R. (Editor) (1998). The Hmong: A guide to traditional lifestyles . Singapore: Times Editions.
Hein, J. (1997). “The Hmong Cultural Repertoire: Explaining Cultural Variation Within an Ethnic Group.” Hmong
Studies Journal 2(2): 1-11.
Lee, Gary Yia. (1996) "Cultural Identity In Post-Modern Society: Reflections on What is a Hmong?"Hmong Studies
Journal Vol. 1 No. 1.
Lucke, Joyce Joanna. (1995). We all agree: a study of cultural consensus in a Hmong community .Ph.D.,
University of Wisconsin.
Yaj, N., Lee, T., Yaj, K., and S.K. Yaj. (1995). Introduction to Hmong History and Culture. Minneapolis, MN:
Minneapolis Public Schools Collaborative Services Dept.
Bays, Sharon Arlene. (1994). Cultural politics and identity formation in a San Joaquin Valley Hmong community .
Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Hall, Sandra, E. (1994). Dispute Settlement Procedures Among the Hmong: Melody and Improvisation. MA Thesis,
Hamline University.
Hein, Jeremy. (1994). From migrant to minority: Hmong refugees and the social construction of identity in the
United States. Sociological Inquiry, 64(3), 281-306.
Moua, Tou Yer. (1994). Hmong values and political leadership as perceived by the U.S. Hmongs . Ph.D.
dissertation, United States International University.
Helzer, J.J. (1993). Maintenance of Ethnic Identity: Hmong and Mien Settlement and Survival in Northern
California. Master’s Thesis, California State University, Chico.
Yang, D. (1992). “The Hmong: Enduring Traditions.” In Minority Cultures of Laos: Kammu, Lua’, Lahu, Hmong and
Mien, edited by J. Lewis, 249-326. Rancho Cordova, CA: Southeast Asian Community Resource Center, Folsom
Cordova Unified School District, 1992.
Hall, S.E. (1990). "Hmong Kinship Roles: Insiders and Outsiders." Hmong Forum, 1:25-39.
"A Clan Against All Odds." Insight, 16 January 1989, 16-17.
Coughlin, E.K. (1988). "Hmong Refugee Families Rely on Internal Sources of Support." Chronicle of Higher
Education, 7 September 1988, A5.
Dunnigan, T. (1987). "Segmentary Kinship in An Urban Society: The Hmong of St. Paul-Minneapolis."
Anthropological Quarterly 55(3): 126-134.
Dunnigan, T. (1986). “Processes of Identity Maintenance in Hmong Society.” In The Hmong in Transition, ed. by G.
L. Hendricks, B.T. Downing, and A.S. Deinard, 41-53.
Lee. G.Y. (1986). "White Hmong Kinship Terminology and Structure." In The Hmong World, Editors, Brenda Johns
and David Strecker, New Haven, CT: Council on Southeast Asia Studies, pp. 12-32.
Bishop, K.A.(1985). The Hmong Of Central California: An Investigation and Analysis Of The Changing Family
Structure During Liminality, Acculturation And Transition, EdD dissertation. University of San Francisco.
Lee, G.Y. (1985). “Aspects of Hmong Residence, Household, and Marriage.” Minneapolis: Southeast Asian
Refugee Studies Project, University of Minnesota, 1985.
Lee, G.Y. (1985). “Hmong Social Structure and World View.” Minneapolis: Southeast Asian Refugee Studies
Project, University of Minnesota, 1985.
Bishop, K.A. (1984). The Hmong of Central California: An Investigation and Analysis of the Changing Family
Structure During Liminality, Acculturation and Transition.” Ed.D. dissertation, University of San Francisco.
Kunstadter, P. (1984). “Cultural Ideals, Socioeconomic Change, and Household Composition: Karen Lua’, Hmong
and Thai in Northwestern Thailand.” In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group,
edited by R. Mcc Netting, RR. Wilk, and E.J. Arnould, 299-329. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
Press, 1984.
Dunnigan, Timothy (1982). Segmentary Kinship in an Urban Society: The Hmong of St. Paul - Minneapolis.
Anthropological Quarterly 55(3):126-136.
Finck, John (1982). Clan Leadership in the Hmong Community of Providence, Rhode Island. In The Hmong in the
West: Observations and Reports. Bruce T. Downing and Douglas P. Olney, eds., pp. 21-28. Minneapolis: Center
for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota.
Dunnigan, T. (1980). The Importance of Kinship in Hmong Community Development. Paper Read at the American
Anthropological Association.
Cooper, Robert G. (1978) (a). Dynamic Tension: Symbiosis and Contradiction in Hmong Social Relations. In The
New Economic Anthropology, John Clammer, ed. pp. 138-175. London: MacMillan Press.
Cooper, Robert G. (1978) (b). Unity and Division in Hmong Social Categories in Thailand. In Studies in ASEAN
Sociology, Peter Chen and Hans-Dieter Evers, eds. pp. 297-320. Singapore: Chopmen Enterprises.
Geddes, William R. (1976). Migrants of the Mountains: The Cultural Ecology of the Blue Miao (Hmong Njua) of
Thailand. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [301.9593 G267]
Lemoine, Jacques (1972). Un village Hmong Vert du haut Laos. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique. [301.9594 L544]
Beauclair, Inez de (1970 ). A Miao Tribe of Southeast Kweichow and its Cultural Configuration. In Tribal Cultures
of Southwest China, pp. 60-145. Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service.
Bernatzik, H.R. (1970). Akha and Miao: Problems of Applied Ethnography in Farther India. New Haven, CT:
Human Relations Area Files, Yale University.
